European Conquest and Colonization of Africa

The course of African History took a new dimension between 1885 and 1900 when the Europeans took over African countries as colonies (Vandervort, 97).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on European Conquest and Colonization of Africa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Before this period, larger percentage of African land experienced little interaction with Europe except the British who occupied Gambia, Lagos, Gold Coast and Sierra Leone, France on the other hand occupied Senegal, Benin and Ivory Coast while Portugal established themselves in Mozambique and Angola(Vandervort,102). The powers occupied African territory after a long period of free trade and peaceful relation between them and different African communities (Vandervort, 112). Why Europe conquered and colonized Africa The Europeans initially considered African land as worthless, however, by the end of the 19th century their perception about Africa had changed due to the changes in Europe making them move to Africa for rescue (Vandervort, 145). They were motivated by several factors with political, social, and economical sphere among others. To start with, European nations were motivated by economic factors arising from the industrial revolution which started in Britain and extended to other European countries such as Belgium, France and Germany (Hochschild, 158).They wanted cheaper mineral resources for their home industries claiming that resources were abundant in Africa for example, rubber was available in Congo hence being the greatest point of interest after Charles Goodyear had discovered its use (Hochschild, 159). Similarly, industrial revolution led to increased capital forcing European traders and their governments look for areas to invest (Hochschild, 164).They believed Africa was the most appropriate area for investment since Europe had been flooded by goods produced, this enabled King Leopold get support from Belgium and British businessmen to venture and invest in Congo where he attained a profit of 28 million francs between 1878 and 1908(Hochschild, 160). Secondly, the Europeans were motivated by political factors from their countries for example, since by 1870, Britain and France were the most powerful nations in Europe , after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871 in which Germany won against France and took over mineral –rich areas of Alsace and Lorrain, France therefore vowed to compensate by acquiring colonies in Africa (Hochschild, 280). In addition, political sentiments regarding public opinion by citizens of Europe motivated the governments to look for colonies in Africa for example, in 1882 the French Assembly agreed to ratify De Brazza’s treaty with Chief Makoko in response to public opinion leading to creation of Congo as French colony(Hochschild, 281).Advertising Looking for critical writing on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper w ith 15% OFF Learn More Thirdly, the Europeans were motivated by strategic location of most African countries that would ease their trade movements into other parts of the world .The conflict of interest resulted to show of might by European nations such as France and Britain over the Egyptian (Hochschild, 284). The loss of Egypt to Britain made France intensify her activities in Congo hence occupying Port Novo in 1882 while king Leopold II of Belgium after along travel over the world called a meeting in Brussels in 1876 aiming at stopping slave trade in Africa ,he then sent Henry Morton Stanley to explore river Congo basin which was strategically located for trade between West and Central Africa(Hochschild ,95). Socially, the missionaries in Africa demanded protection from their mother countries as they faced several problems such as rejection by Africans and sometimes violence from rebellious Africans thus hindering their aims of civilizing Africans (Hochschild ,147). Tric ks used by Europeans to conquer Africa After the scramble and Partition of Africa, the Europeans were faced with a challenge of establishing their rules in over Africans. They therefore applied different methods depending of the reception of Africans: to start with, they used Christian missionaries which were to spread the message of love and brotherhood among all groups of people making the converts submissive to their governments (Hochschild,120). They build schools bases on their faiths where children of the African converts could go and learn Christian doctrines at the expense of traditional and Muslim believes that had been rooted in most parts of Africa (Hochschild, 124). Secondly, the European nations signed treaties with African rulers giving them opportunity to occupy different parts of Africa. For example, the government of Belgium sent Henry Morton Stanley to sign agreement with Congo ruler so as to occupy the Congo basin (Hochschild, 85). The treaties were signed by Afri can collaborators who were latter used as mercenaries against those who resisted. The Europeans also used the information from the explorers such as Speke and Stanley who gave repots on lakes, navigable rivers, mountains and minerals in Africa hence attracting the colonialists to Africa (Vandervort, 176).On arrival to these areas, their representatives were able to convince African rulers who later accepted their occupation(Vandervort, 177)Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on European Conquest and Colonization of Africa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Similarly, they were able to use military conquest against African rulers who failed to recognize their rules (Vandervort, 184).Their military forces defeated many Africans who resisted giving them the opportunity to establish their rule in various parts of Africa (For example, the British used excessive force in Southern Africa in oppressing the Shona and the Ndebele who resisted against them (Hochschild, 125). They also applied military force in East Africa against the Bunyoro of Uganda and the Nandi of Kenya ().The Belgium on the other hand used mercenaries from Zanzibar against the resistance to establish colony in Congo (Hochschild, 127). To reduce the cost of administration, the colonialists used chartered companies to administer over their areas of influence and were charged with the responsibility of collecting taxes, building roads in the colonies and representing their governments in these areas(). The British used the British South African Company in Sothern Africa and British East African Company to administer over East Africa while the Germany used Germany East African Company to Rule over Tanganyika (Vandervort, 135). In addition, in some cases the colonialists used bribery tactics by giving gifts such as cloths to African chiefs and kings so as to accept their policies and ended up constructing military posts to ease th eir attack on resisting communities (Vandervort, 136). Response of African to colonial rule The scramble for Africa by Europeans resulted to conflicts between the powers hence the German chancellor Otto Von Bismarck invited other European leaders for the Berlin Conference of 1884-85 in which they agreed upon laying rules for any country wishing to acquire territory in Africa(Hochschild ,84). During the conference the European leaders’ greed on areas of jurisdiction leading to increased aggression into the continent thus evoking African anger. The rulers were faced with options of either surrendering or retaining their positions leading to their responses, to start with, some communities developed resistance movement in which they took arms against the colonial powers in an attempt to protect their political and religious independence (Hochschild, 9). During the second half of the 19th, the Asante and the Fante of Ghana offered great resistance to the British occupation in the ir land while King Leopold II encountered fierce resistance when the Sanga people of Congo led by Chief Mulume Niama rebelled killing one of his officers and refused to surrender leading to the death of 178 people by the Belgium army (Hochschild ,10).Advertising Looking for critical writing on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other African rulers such as Toure of the Mandinka empire adopted both diplomatic and military strategies when he requested Napoleon of France for protection against the British so as to safeguard his position, he however, failed since the Berlin Conference prohibited any signatory from occupying other members sphere of influence(Hochschild,11).However, French accepted the offer but due to their hostility ,he approached the British and later offered the greatest resistance against the European powers(Hochschild,12). In addition, some African rulers collaborated with the Europeans who had conquered their land because they expected to receive several rewards from Europe. Collaboration was an African response to imperialism through active policy of cooperation and compromise (Vandervort, 156). It was adopted by African rulers due to factors such recovering their lost territories from their traditional enemies for example, the Maasai of Kenya expected protection against their traditiona l enemies the Nandi who had conquered their land while the Buganda of Uganda expected protection against the Bunyoro who were their enemies (Vandervort, 123). The African leaders benefited on short-term basis, through access to fire arms, consumer goods as well as protection from external conflict from neighbors(). The Europeans signed agreements with African rulers who applied collaboration tactics in order to reserve certain areas for their own interest for example, Dahomean government of Porto Novo collaborated with France to prevent the British expansion movement(Vandervort,129). The benefits of collaboration such as protection against traditional enemies, material gains through fire arms and clothing as well as ruthless military expeditions from European leaders forced Africans give in to colonial rule hence colonization of Africa(Vandervort,134). Conclusion The European scramble, partition and colonization of Africa emerged in the last quarter of the 19th century and witnessed mass movement of Europeans to the continent. With the defeat of Africans the European governments were able to establish authority over the subjects (Hochschild, 166). They proceeded to institute brutal and repressive administration that called for African fight for independence. For example, King Leopold forcefully conscripted African men, women and children into serious physical punishment and persecutions over the harvesting of rubber in Congo (Hochschild 165).The colonization of Africa however changed the destiny of many Africans who adopted the Western civilization through religion and education. Works Cited Hochschild, Adam .King Leopold’s ghost: a story of greed, terror, and heroism in colonial Africa. Michigan: Houghton Mifflin, 1998.Print. Vandervort, Bruce .Wars of imperial conquest in Africa, 1830-1914. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, 1996.Print. This critical writing on European Conquest and Colonization of Africa was written and submitted by user Macie U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cheating Definition Essays

Cheating Definition Essays Cheating Definition Essay Cheating Definition Essay Is there a solution? : Academic Dishonesty In this twenty-four hours and clip academic dishonesty is no rareness. it largely occurs in the school scenes. When we are in school. we come into difficult state of affairss with prep assignments or trial. As a consequence to that pupils look towards rip offing. With cheating we are seting ourselves at hazard for plagiarism. No affair the regulations and ordinance academic dishonesty is still happening all over. They genuinely need to implement the ordinances on academic dishonesty. because if they do non at that place will neer be a solution if they do non move upon it now. Regulation on academic dishonesty demands to be enforced more because pupils will go on to lie. darnel. and steal their manner through their academic calling. No 1 can state that they have neer cheated on a prep assignment or trial. The truth is that all of us have or has been a portion of academic dishonesty. With all of this rip offing traveling on. pupils are easy bu t certainly destructing their ability to make work on their ain. In the United States. surveies show that 20 % of pupils started rip offing in the first class. October 1998. John Smolik pupil at University Of Texas received an e-mail about a argument on academic cheating on campus. Plenty of the multiple pupil messages dispute that academic cheats merely hurt themselves. The manner I look at it is that pupils merely seek to happen the easy manner out of making an assignment/pass a trial they did non analyze for. Bing a pupil myself there has been infinite times where I have cheated on a prep assignment/test. The consequence of that was because I made the pick of non desiring to analyze or non really making the work myself. In 1963 researched verified that 26 per centum of the pupils on nine campuses. neither of them had a codification of behavior. acquiesce copying another pupil on a trial or test. 30 old ages subsequently. the per centum had risen to 52. Adding to that was a quadruplicate addition in the usage of cot notes. which was from 6 to 27 per centum. Accustomed to this addition in rip offing. it would be a good thought for administrative functionaries to diminish the codification of behavior and besides carefully supervise tests when they are taken. Another illustration is about half of the pupils William Bower surveyed on 17 campuses with no codification of behavior. reported merely of one or more austere of rip offing on trials or test. What made it even more breathtaking was the pupils who admitted to rip off on a trial or exam more than 3 times. There may be systems that may or may non work on all campuses which already have steady codifications of behavior. there’s non much that helps those who don’t have. While I was go toing my old school I witnessed countless times where my friends did fix for a trial or test. so they had to fall back to rip offing. From firsthand I saw that rip offing wasn’t traveling to acquire me anyplace. Even though I realized rip offing wasn’t making anything for me I still continued to make it. I recall a clip when I got caught rip offing on a concluding test for my psychological science category back in high school. As a consequence of that the codification of behavior was enhanced more to the point where if any pupil was to caught rip offing once more they would be covering with the principal. Many pupils in this twenty-four hours and clip darnel chiefly because of their attitudes towards school. The ground why they act like that is because they merely have no involvement in fostering their academic calling. To be specific from in-between school on up to college wish to merely travel to school and expect to hold a great clip and non make any work. Chiefly in high schools rational larceny is committed often. Its despairing how instructors do non detect that their pupils are stealing work the their schoolmates. In a manner instructors are leting for other pupils to plagiarise. because they are non making their occupation. It is non merely a instructors occupation to learn but besides to maintain path of your pupils while they are working in the schoolroom. Parents besides play large portion in academic dishonesty. they should be the 1s stating their kid do non plagiarise and etc. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ( for those who in in-between school to high school ) . As a parent they are non making their occupation because your kid is a contemplation of you. so when instructors look at your kid they assume this was they were taught. Which is to lie. darnel. and steal. Academic dishonesty takes on many different signifiers. as we all know it can be copying replies from a schoolmate. taking tests for others. holding others do your prep assignments. take place tests. and buying research documents online. The less conventional temperaments accommodate. acquiring trial documents prior to taking it. and fiction of quotation marks and other spoken written stuffs. Kenneth C. Petress up soaking up in plagiarism over the old ages. has raised a issue in moralss. persuasion. and interpersonal communicating for classs as a vehicle of direction. When pupils are approached with the topic of cheating/plagiarizing they tend to deny the fact that they have really cheated before. It is rare for a pupil to acknowledge that they cheated or plagiarized. Students use plagiarising as a manner of making good work so they will acquire a good congratulations. Some pupils are afraid of what the world would be if they did the work on their ain. that’s why they cheat or plagiarize because they want a good image of themselves in their academic calling. As an result when they get off with it one time they will go on to make it. and possibly if they pass on to a higher degree of instruction they will continue to their ways of rip offing at that place. All in all I look at it this manner if there isn’t a measure or jurisprudence passed I believe that the per centum of plagiarism will go on to lift. either manner pupils will happen a manner to acquire around the regulations and ordinances to perpetrate rational larceny. Plants Cited Clayton. Mark. A Whole Lot Of Cheatin’ traveling On. Pg. 1-5 Dad: January 3rd. 2013. Print Ph. D. Petress. . C Kenneth. Academic Dishonesty: A Plague On Our Profession. Pg. 624-625. Dad: January 3rd. 2013. McCabe. Donald and Trevino. Linda. Honesty And Honor Codes. Pg. 1-2. Dad: January 3rd. 2013.

Career Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Career - Research Paper Example US department of labour gives a mean hourly rate of $ 45.14 and a mean annual wage of $ 93,900 (US department of labour web). Louisiana is the second paying state for civil engineers with an annual average of $ 111,980 with an hourly average of $ 53, 84. The trend of construction engineers is that this occupation will grow at an average rate to all occupations in California. This is the case nationally because of road repairs, road construction, bridge construction and other structures are expected to rise. Construction engineers work in different environments. When designing projects entrusted to them, they work in a quite office environment. However, if a project is in a remote area, construction engineers have to bear with the cold or hot environment in such areas. Physically they are supposed to be fit to lift up some construction items here and there. In addition, they should have good eyesight to see details at a close range, Knowledge of tools, methods, and materials used in construction. Most construction engineers work full time and in most cases on overtime to complete contractual

Consumer buyer behavior about ego-expressive way in the decision Case Study - 1

Consumer buyer behavior about ego-expressive way in the decision making of rolex costumer - Case Study Example The owners of the Rolex Watch product rely on their understanding of the consumer behavior extensively as many other successful businesses. The consumers of the watch as a product are diverse and they present various factors that lead them towards purchasing the product readily. The Rolex Watch brand is the leading and most expensive Watch in the market currently. There are several types of the Watch. Moreover, Rolex manufactures watches designated for each of the genders, ages and uses. These are essential factors of consideration in the pricing aspect of the product. For instance, according to information gathered through the interactions with the Rolex professionals, the female gender used to constitute a large share of their customers. However, with the current developments in the market, the company is also manufacturing watches for men in large volumes, meaning that the male population is also a considerable consumer volume of the watches. The aspects of use, it depends on the reasons why the consumer purchases the watch. The latest development in the company is the establishment of the Rolex diving watch. Thus, with such watches, resistant to water, offering quality and accurate time measurement initiates the desire in the consumers to own a watch. The larger base of the consumer of the Rolex Watch includes the rich people, collectors of antiques and retail business people. The aspect that the Rolex Watch has a high pricing means that the consumers with low income are unable to afford the product. In manufacturing the product, Rolex focus on people with an interest in brand and aesthetic value of products. The watch established itself as a virtually dominant brand in the market, due to its association with class and high social status. The watch enjoys an ego-expressive status in its customers, as they seek the product for various reasons, all related

Business Law and ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Law and ethics - Assignment Example Carbon emissions are dangerous and therefore undesirable in the country. Companies that put this factor into consideration set de facto standards and, therefore, have a competitive advantage. The paper will examine how the effects of climate change on automobile  will affect their overall performance in the  industry. This may call for adoption of new technology that is both low cost and will ensure high quality of products. Carbon constraints determine the convectional value drivers within the industry that will significantly create challenges for senior managers. Carbon constraints interact well with established efforts to improve fuel economy that will eventually drive prices up. This implies that climate change will have differential impacts on company’s financial performance by creating a distinction between those companies that will ultimately be exposed to these risks. The traditional business model, which is based on tradition measures of demand and supply that affect tangible measures like sales volume, pricing, margins and profitability, and intangible measures like brand recognition, innovation and quality, will be affected. Management’s concern will be  to conduct business operations with  alignment of strategic missions in a world faced with declining profits, tighter policies and shorter product life spans. Companies will be forced to adopt a carbon-friendly technology to reduce carbon emissions as this will  have the potential to alter long-term competitive balance within the industry. However, the biggest challenge is to determine which technologies will be accepted by the markets standards. An example of technology utilized in the automotive industry is the incremental technology which will offer opportunities for the fuel economy. Companies will also be forced to adopt a merger strategy of partnering will others which an ai m of reducing costs. New entrants into the market will face high overhead costs compared to those already in

What Is Real Love Philosophy Essay

What Is Real Love Philosophy Essay Some say that love is the most powerful and magical force. But it is also the most formidable thing in the universe, and that there would be nowhere else it could discover and display its beauty and wonders more, than in an intimacy relationship between two people. It is said to be invisible and cannot be measured yet so powerful enough to be able to transform someone in a moment and give you so much joy than any material possession one could ever have (Angelis, 10). Real love refers to as an act of faith, which means you commit yourself without any guarantees of the other person loving you back. The bible tells us that, Love is patient, kind, it does not envy or boast, it is not proud or rude, it is not self seeking or easily angered, and it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoice with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes and always perseveres. Love never fails. An example of such kind of love is agape love- its offered or given despite of how the other partner behaves; its a form of real love which is unconditionally committed to an imperfect person. Its a love that is transparent, strong enough to let your partner to get close to you and tell the honest truth, share your positive and negative feelings and it is this kind of love that will be able to keep other types of love alive. Perfect love is the one that gives all and expects nothing. If you expect nothing and ask for nothing at all then you can never be betrayed or disappointed, its only when love demands that is bound to bring a lot of pain. Real love is when you unconditionally care about the happiness of another person without thinking of what you might get for yourself, even when they dont think of you, consider or give you nothing in return which includes gratitude; because youre main concern is their happiness. Real love is not selfish but the one which has no limits or any conditions attached to it. Without real love, we get miserable but with it our happiness is genuinely true. And this is not the kind of happiness we get from money, sex or conditional approval, its also not the same as the feeling that we get from entertainment or from getting people to do what we want, but this is genuine happiness which is profound, a long lasting sense of peace and fulfillment that will deeply satisfy us and enlarge our souls. It doesnt disappear when circumstances or situations get worse. It preserves and even grows through sufferings and hardships. This true happiness is our entire purpose to live and is the type of happiness which can only be obtained and guaranteed as we find real love and be able to share it with other people. With real love nothing else matters; without it, nothing else is enough (Baer, 12). The feeling of being loved and also becoming unconditionally loving doesnt happen all at once like a twinkling of an eye, it takes time and patience. You are not going to loose all your fears, disappointments, anger or pain overnight, its a journey, but a journey that is worth every effort. Some people worry or even fear that loving unconditionally might turn them to a doormat that everyone around them is going to use. But the truth is when you love people unconditionally, that does not imply you have the responsibility to give them everything they want; it would only mean you are being indulgent and immature. When you love someone unconditionally, you accept that person as they are and contribute to their happiness as wisely as you can but it does not entail that you respond to their every command. Real love is when you tell somebody that you care about how they feel but conditional love is when you tell them that you like how they make you feel. Conditional love is selfish, one sided, it is what people offer us when we do what they want and sadly its the only kind of love most people have ever known. People have liked or loved us more when we make them feel good about themselves, meaning we have to buy conditional love. When we dont know the difference between real and conditional love, we end up settling for give and takes of conditional love which always leaves us empty, unhappy, disappointed and frustrated. It is therefore advisable to know the two reliable signs that portray that love is not genuine: that is anger and disappointment (Baer, 22). When it comes to love relationships, we often feel safe enough to express our love and attain intimacy when we are sure that the bridge is solid and that we also feel confident of its support. Trust is that bridge which is there between individuals that enables them to cross over to each other in whichever relationship, whether its friends, lovers or business associates. We tend to feel comfortable and secure with a sturdy foundation beneath us, but when it comes to real love, you just love without expecting anything in return, that way you are actually exempted from being hurt (Block, 18). In conclusion, what we have observed is that the foundation of our disappointment, irritation, anger, resentment and even bitterness in our souls is not caused by the people around us, but by lack of real love among ourselves. Understanding they say is just a simple realistic assessment of how things are, but blame shows anger and pain which can only bring harm to both yourself and others. The point is: If someone doesnt know how to love, dont tell them but show them and sooner or later theyll begin to speak and understand the language of love.

Music :: essays research papers

It has been years since I wrote anything at all, although people do see me writing odd pieces of music. But this time I am writing about my past, the past that seems so far away and forgotten. I know that this account is hardly going to interest anyone, but I do need to share my feelings with someone, or in this case, with something. People see me as a berserk creature talking garrulously of her past that probably never existed. And that is the belief of ignorance. They pity me, speak sympathetically and listen to me the gibbering about my past and my feelings. But do they really want to know about my feelings? No they don't, but if they did I would never tell them. Night after night, I sit ruminating about my long-forgotten past. And flashes of it just appear out of nowhere. A young cheerful, little girl with red hair, playing in an overgrown garden with her friends and looming against the sky was her very own castle. It wasn't much but at least it was hers. So innocent she looked, having no clue of what her future might hold. She lived happily with her parents and playing with her headless dolls, while occasionally listening admiringly to her mother playing her tiara. How she longed to play just like her mother. And she slowly learned to play it. She had dreams all right, not about the tiara, but completely different from it. Dreams just like a girl of her own age would have. Dreams of her Prince Charming sweeping her off her feet and taking her away to Paradise...to the land of eternal happiness and live happily ever after. After years of patiently waiting, he finally entered her life. And a Prince Charming he was- with dark lean features and as tall as a giant. She wasn't sure whether or not he was her Prince, but what she was sure about was that she loved him. Loved him with all her heart, and was ready to go to the darkest corner of the world just for him. After a short love affair the young couple married. But what the young wife found out after the marriage struck her much harder than a lightning bolt. It was like an explosion. He was a drunkard! And she couldn't do anything about it. She was shattered and was like a broken soul. All her dreams she had of their happy future together seemed so far away.